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File name : zmodload

Content :zmodload [ -dL ] [ -s ] [ ... ] zmodload -F [ -alLme -P param ] module [ [+-]feature ... ] zmodload -e [ -A ] [ ... ] zmodload [ -a [ -bcpf [ -I ] ] ] [ -iL ] ... zmodload -u [ -abcdpf [ -I ] ] [ -iL ] ... zmodload -A [ -L ] [ modalias[=module] ... ] zmodload -R modalias ... Performs operations relating to zsh's loadable modules. Loading of modules while the shell is running (`dynamical loading') is not available on all operating systems, or on all installations on a particular operating system, although the zmodload command itself is always available and can be used to manipulate modules built into versions of the shell executable without dynamical loading. Without arguments the names of all currently loaded binary mod- ules are printed. The -L option causes this list to be in the form of a series of zmodload commands. Forms with arguments are: zmodload [ -is ] name ... zmodload -u [ -i ] name ... In the simplest case, zmodload loads a binary module. The module must be in a file with a name consisting of the specified name followed by a standard suffix, usually `.so' (`.sl' on HPUX). If the module to be loaded is al- ready loaded the duplicate module is ignored. If zmod- load detects an inconsistency, such as an invalid module name or circular dependency list, the current code block is aborted. If it is available, the module is loaded if necessary, while if it is not available, non-zero status is silently returned. The option -i is accepted for com- patibility but has no effect. The named module is searched for in the same way a com- mand is, using $module_path instead of $path. However, the path search is performed even when the module name contains a `/', which it usually does. There is no way to prevent the path search. If the module supports features (see below), zmodload tries to enable all features when loading a module. If the module was successfully loaded but not all features could be enabled, zmodload returns status 2. If the option -s is given, no error is printed if the module was not available (though other errors indicating a problem with the module are printed). The return sta- tus indicates if the module was loaded. This is appro- priate if the caller considers the module optional. With -u, zmodload unloads modules. The same name must be given that was given when the module was loaded, but it is not necessary for the module to exist in the file sys- tem. The -i option suppresses the error if the module is already unloaded (or was never loaded). Each module has a boot and a cleanup function. The mod- ule will not be loaded if its boot function fails. Simi- larly a module can only be unloaded if its cleanup func- tion runs successfully. zmodload -F [ -almLe -P param ] module [ [+-]feature ... ] zmodload -F allows more selective control over the fea- tures provided by modules. With no options apart from -F, the module named module is loaded, if it was not al- ready loaded, and the list of features is set to the re- quired state. If no features are specified, the module is loaded, if it was not already loaded, but the state of features is unchanged. Each feature may be preceded by a + to turn the feature on, or - to turn it off; the + is assumed if neither character is present. Any feature not explicitly mentioned is left in its current state; if the module was not previously loaded this means any such fea- tures will remain disabled. The return status is zero if all features were set, 1 if the module failed to load, and 2 if some features could not be set (for example, a parameter couldn't be added because there was a different parameter of the same name) but the module was loaded. The standard features are builtins, conditions, parame- ters and math functions; these are indicated by the pre- fix `b:', `c:' (`C:' for an infix condition), `p:' and `f:', respectively, followed by the name that the corre- sponding feature would have in the shell. For example, `b:strftime' indicates a builtin named strftime and p:EPOCHSECONDS indicates a parameter named EPOCHSECONDS. The module may provide other (`abstract') features of its own as indicated by its documentation; these have no pre- fix. With -l or -L, features provided by the module are listed. With -l alone, a list of features together with their states is shown, one feature per line. With -L alone, a zmodload -F command that would cause enabled features of the module to be turned on is shown. With -lL, a zmodload -F command that would cause all the fea- tures to be set to their current state is shown. If one of these combinations is given with the option -P param then the parameter param is set to an array of features, either features together with their state or (if -L alone is given) enabled features. With the option -L the module name may be omitted; then a list of all enabled features for all modules providing features is printed in the form of zmodload -F commands. If -l is also given, the state of both enabled and dis- abled features is output in that form. A set of features may be provided together with -l or -L and a module name; in that case only the state of those features is considered. Each feature may be preceded by + or - but the character has no effect. If no set of features is provided, all features are considered. With -e, the command first tests that the module is loaded; if it is not, status 1 is returned. If the mod- ule is loaded, the list of features given as an argument is examined. Any feature given with no prefix is simply tested to see if the module provides it; any feature given with a prefix + or - is tested to see if is pro- vided and in the given state. If the tests on all fea- tures in the list succeed, status 0 is returned, else status 1. With -m, each entry in the given list of features is taken as a pattern to be matched against the list of fea- tures provided by the module. An initial + or - must be given explicitly. This may not be combined with the -a option as autoloads must be specified explicitly. With -a, the given list of features is marked for au- toload from the specified module, which may not yet be loaded. An optional + may appear before the feature name. If the feature is prefixed with -, any existing autoload is removed. The options -l and -L may be used to list autoloads. Autoloading is specific to individual features; when the module is loaded only the requested feature is enabled. Autoload requests are preserved if the module is subsequently unloaded until an explicit `zmodload -Fa module -feature' is issued. It is not an error to request an autoload for a feature of a module that is already loaded. When the module is loaded each autoload is checked against the features actually provided by the module; if the feature is not provided the autoload request is deleted. A warning message is output; if the module is being loaded to provide a different feature, and that au- toload is successful, there is no effect on the status of the current command. If the module is already loaded at the time when zmodload -Fa is run, an error message is printed and status 1 returned. zmodload -Fa can be used with the -l, -L, -e and -P op- tions for listing and testing the existence of autoload- able features. In this case -l is ignored if -L is spec- ified. zmodload -FaL with no module name lists autoloads for all modules. Note that only standard features as described above can be autoloaded; other features require the module to be loaded before enabling. zmodload -d [ -L ] [ name ] zmodload -d name dep ... zmodload -ud name [ dep ... ] The -d option can be used to specify module dependencies. The modules named in the second and subsequent arguments will be loaded before the module named in the first argu- ment. With -d and one argument, all dependencies for that mod- ule are listed. With -d and no arguments, all module de- pendencies are listed. This listing is by default in a Makefile-like format. The -L option changes this format to a list of zmodload -d commands. If -d and -u are both used, dependencies are removed. If only one argument is given, all dependencies for that module are removed. zmodload -ab [ -L ] zmodload -ab [ -i ] name [ builtin ... ] zmodload -ub [ -i ] builtin ... The -ab option defines autoloaded builtins. It defines the specified builtins. When any of those builtins is called, the module specified in the first argument is loaded and all its features are enabled (for selective control of features use `zmodload -F -a' as described above). If only the name is given, one builtin is de- fined, with the same name as the module. -i suppresses the error if the builtin is already defined or au- toloaded, but not if another builtin of the same name is already defined. With -ab and no arguments, all autoloaded builtins are listed, with the module name (if different) shown in parentheses after the builtin name. The -L option changes this format to a list of zmodload -a commands. If -b is used together with the -u option, it removes builtins previously defined with -ab. This is only pos- sible if the builtin is not yet loaded. -i suppresses the error if the builtin is already removed (or never ex- isted). Autoload requests are retained if the module is subse- quently unloaded until an explicit `zmodload -ub builtin' is issued. zmodload -ac [ -IL ] zmodload -ac [ -iI ] name [ cond ... ] zmodload -uc [ -iI ] cond ... The -ac option is used to define autoloaded condition codes. The cond strings give the names of the conditions defined by the module. The optional -I option is used to define infix condition names. Without this option prefix condition names are defined. If given no condition names, all defined names are listed (as a series of zmodload commands if the -L option is given). The -uc option removes definitions for autoloaded condi- tions. zmodload -ap [ -L ] zmodload -ap [ -i ] name [ parameter ... ] zmodload -up [ -i ] parameter ... The -p option is like the -b and -c options, but makes zmodload work on autoloaded parameters instead. zmodload -af [ -L ] zmodload -af [ -i ] name [ function ... ] zmodload -uf [ -i ] function ... The -f option is like the -b, -p, and -c options, but makes zmodload work on autoloaded math functions instead. zmodload -a [ -L ] zmodload -a [ -i ] name [ builtin ... ] zmodload -ua [ -i ] builtin ... Equivalent to -ab and -ub. zmodload -e [ -A ] [ string ... ] The -e option without arguments lists all loaded modules; if the -A option is also given, module aliases corre- sponding to loaded modules are also shown. If arguments are provided, nothing is printed; the return status is set to zero if all strings given as arguments are names of loaded modules and to one if at least on string is not the name of a loaded module. This can be used to test for the availability of things implemented by modules. In this case, any aliases are automatically resolved and the -A flag is not used. zmodload -A [ -L ] [ modalias[=module] ... ] For each argument, if both modalias and module are given, define modalias to be an alias for the module module. If the module modalias is ever subsequently requested, ei- ther via a call to zmodload or implicitly, the shell will attempt to load module instead. If module is not given, show the definition of modalias. If no arguments are given, list all defined module aliases. When listing, if the -L flag was also given, list the definition as a zmodload command to recreate the alias. The existence of aliases for modules is completely inde- pendent of whether the name resolved is actually loaded as a module: while the alias exists, loading and unload- ing the module under any alias has exactly the same ef- fect as using the resolved name, and does not affect the connection between the alias and the resolved name which can be removed either by zmodload -R or by redefining the alias. Chains of aliases (i.e. where the first resolved name is itself an alias) are valid so long as these are not circular. As the aliases take the same format as module names, they may include path separators: in this case, there is no requirement for any part of the path named to exist as the alias will be resolved first. For example, `any/old/alias' is always a valid alias. Dependencies added to aliased modules are actually added to the resolved module; these remain if the alias is re- moved. It is valid to create an alias whose name is one of the standard shell modules and which resolves to a different module. However, if a module has dependencies, it will not be possible to use the module name as an alias as the module will already be marked as a loadable module in its own right. Apart from the above, aliases can be used in the zmodload command anywhere module names are required. However, aliases will not be shown in lists of loaded modules with a bare `zmodload'. zmodload -R modalias ... For each modalias argument that was previously defined as a module alias via zmodload -A, delete the alias. If any was not defined, an error is caused and the remainder of the line is ignored. Note that zsh makes no distinction between modules that were linked into the shell and modules that are loaded dynamically. In both cases this builtin command has to be used to make avail- able the builtins and other things defined by modules (unless the module is autoloaded on these definitions). This is true even for systems that don't support dynamic loading of modules.

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